How is testicular cancer treated?

If the doctor suspects testicular cancer, the first step is to gain access to the testicle via an incision in the groin and remove it (inguinal orchidectomy). This enables the cancer to be examined microscopically by a pathologist to confirm the diagnosis. In our clinic, this operation is usually performed under a general anaesthetic.

If the diagnosis is unclear, it may be possible to examine a suspected cancer under a microscope during the operation (intraoperative histology) to determine whether the tumour is malignant or benign. If the tumour is malignant, the testicle and the spermatic cord and blood vessels associated with it have to be removed in their entirety.

The testicle is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist to determine what type of testicular cancer the patient has.

If the patient wants one, it is also possible to insert a prosthetic testicle as part of the same operation. Patients undergoing this procedure will usually need to stay in hospital for 4–5 days. To avoid the risk of an inguinal hernia, patients should avoid all sporting activity for 6 weeks after the operation.