What is testicular cancer?

Testicular cancer is a usually malignant tumour of the testicle. It has the potential to spread via the blood or lymphatic system to other parts of the body and form secondary tumours (metastases) in other organs or organ systems (e.g. the abdominal lymph nodes, liver or lungs).

Even where it has already spread to other sites, treatment options are excellent and the chances of a complete cure are very good. A famous example of someone who survived testicular cancer is professional cyclist Lance Armstrong. He was successfully treated for testicular cancer which had spread to his lungs and brain, went on to win the Tour de France several times and is currently considered to be completely cured.

How common is testicular cancer?

Unlike almost all other cancers, most cases of testicular cancer occur at a relatively young age, specifically between the ages of 25 and 45. Testicular cancer is the most common malignant tumour in men in this age group. The average age of onset is 38.

Around 30 men per 100,000 are diagnosed with testicular cancer every year. Men born with undescended testicles (i.e. with testicles which were not in their usual place in the scrotum when they were born) are at greater risk of developing testicular cancer.

Are there any warning signs of testicular cancer?

Testicular cancer is usually found by accident.
As the testicles are easy to access, regular self-examination is recommended. Any palpable painless lump should be treated as possible cancer. Rarely, the first sign of testicular cancer may also be pain. If self-examination reveals a lump on the testicles, the patient should visit a urologist within 24 hours for further investigation.